The Relation Between Chronic Energy Deficiencies in Pregnant Women and The Incidence of Low Birth Weight Babies at Puskesmas Semanu I, Gunung Kidul District, Yogyakarta

Abstract

Low birth weight babies (LBW) have a 20 times higher risk of death than babies born with normal weight. Some of the causes of LBW include health problems during pregnancy such as chronic energy deficiency. This study aims to determine the relation between CED in pregnant women and the incidence of LBW. The research type of this study was quantitative research using the Case Control Study method. The research design was an Analytical Observational with a Retrospective approach. The data collection used a secondary data, namely collecting medical record data in 2021 with a sample of 58 respondents. The sample was taken with a ratio of 1:1 in the LBW case group. 29 respondents were taken using the total sampling technique; and 29 respondents were also taken in the non-LBW control group using simple random sampling technique. This research had obtained a proper ethical statement with the official letter number 2641/KEP-UNISA/III/2023. The results showed that 26 mothers (89.7%) did not have LBW and 3 mothers (10.3%) did not have CED. Meanwhile, the incidence of LBW was 18 mothers (62%) with non-SEZ and 11 mothers (38%) with CED. The results of the Chi-Square analysis revealed a p value = 0.014 (p <0.05). The research results obtained a significant relation between CED and the incidence of LBW at Puskesmas (Primary Health Center) Semanu I Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta in 2021. Pregnant women are expected to pay more attention to the needs of good nutrition. Moreover, the health service may improve its quality of services to the community, especially for pregnant women; and may conduct counseling to provide information about the nutritional status of pregnant women to prevent the occurrence of LBW.