The Relationship Between Maternal Age and Parity with The Incidence of Preeclampsia at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital in 2022-2023

Abstract

Preeclampsia is defined as hypertension that first occurs in pregnancy after 20 weeks of gestation and is accompanied by organ dysfunction. The top three causes of maternal mortality are eclampsia (37.1%), hemorrhage (27.3%), and infection (10.4%), with the highest location of death being in hospitals (84%). This study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal age and parity with the incidence of preeclampsia at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This study employed quantitative method with retrospective design and case-control approach. The study population consisted of all mothers giving birth at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital during 2022–2023, totaling 1,035 individuals. Sample were selected using probability sampling and systematic sampling for the control group. Data were obtained from secondary sources and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, this study involved 50 respondents with preeclampsia and 50 respondents without preeclampsia. The results showed a significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of preeclampsia, with a p-value of 0.018. Mothers under 20 or over 35 years of age were 3.143 times more likely to develop preeclampsia compared to mothers aged 20-35 years (95% CI: 1.291–7.653). Bivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between maternal parity and the incidence of preeclampsia (p-value = 0.688 > 0.05). It is recommended that pregnant women undergo regular antenatal care (ANC) to help prevent preeclampsia and its potential complications, which can affect the health and well-being of both the mother and baby.