Effectiveness of Bronchodilators in The Elderly with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Abstract
The use of bronchodilators is an important part of the management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the elderly. The elderly are the most vulnerable group because they experience physiological changes such as decreased lung elasticity, respiratory muscle weakness, and high comorbidity that aggravates symptoms. This literature review aims to describe the effectiveness of this therapy and the clinical challenges that arise in elderly patients. Literature search was conducted through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed with inclusion criteria consisting of journal articles published in Indonesian and English, Full Text/Open Access articles, articles published in the last 10 years, namely from 2016 to 2025, and articles with content relevant to the topic and purpose of the study. The exclusion criteria used were articles that contained duplications, articles that were not from research results, and articles that were literature reviews. The total number of articles obtained from the search process was 265. The selected articles will be analyzed according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the selection process, 265 articles were obtained, then four journals were obtained that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, namely journals from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases, journals published from 2017-2025, journals in Full Text/Open Access format, journals in Indonesian and English.. The results of the analysis show that bronchodilators are effective in reducing respiratory symptoms, improving lung function, and reducing exacerbations in elderly people with COPD. However, the effectiveness of therapy is influenced by the often incorrect use of inhalers in the elderly, the presence of comorbidities such as heart and kidney disease, and the risk of drug interactions due to polypharmacy. Thus, the success of bronchodilator therapy in the elderly is highly dependent on inhalation technique education, selection of the appropriate type of medication, and regular monitoring of comorbidities. This literature review is expected to serve as a basis for improving clinical practice and the quality of health services for elderly patients with COPD.
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