The Differences in Duration of Use of Long Actings Insulin Against Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus at The Lifiyura Clinic

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease whose prevalence continues to increase globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. WHO predicts that the number of T2DM sufferers in Indonesia will increase from 8.4 million in 2000 to 21.3 million in 2030. T2DM occurs due to insulin resistance or inadequate insulin production, causing hyperglycemia which is at risk of causing long-term complications. One of the main therapies to control blood glucose levels is the administration of insulin, including long-acting types such as Lantus and Levemir. However, the use of insulin is not free from the risk of hypoglycemia, especially if the dose or duration of use is not appropriate. Based on initial data at the Lifiyura Clinic Makassar, there were 32 T2DM patients using long-acting insulin, which showed variations in the duration of use and type of insulin used. Therefore, it is important to examine the relationship between the duration of long-acting insulin use and the incidence of hypoglycemia in T2DM patients. This study was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach conducted on 32 type II Diabetes Mellitus patients uses long-acting insulin at the Lifiyura Clinic Makassar in February 2025. The Results groups using insulin therapy for 1-5 years and 5-10 years, 52.6% still had diabetes and 36.8% were in hyperglycemia, only 10.5% had achieved normal results. Meanwhile, in the 1-5 year therapy group, the distribution was slightly better with 46.2% in the diabetes and hyperglycemia categories respectively, and 7.7% were already normal. Statistical test results showed no significant difference in fasting blood glucose levels based on the duration of insulin use. This finding indicates that the duration of long-acting insulin use within this timeframe cannot be used as the sole factor determining optimal glycemic control.