The Relationship Between Smoking Behavior and Oxygen Saturation in Pulmonary TB Patients at PKU Muhammadiyah General Hospital, Purbalingga

Abstract

Smoking is a common habit encountered in daily life. It increases the risk of decreased oxygen saturation in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients by damaging the immune system, impairing lung function, and weakening the response to *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* bacteria. Smoking can lead to a decline in oxygen saturation. An increase in red blood cell mass occurs as a response to tissue oxygen deprivation caused by carbon monoxide (CO) exposure; this can reduce hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, thereby affecting blood oxygen saturation levels. This study aimed to determine the relationship between smoking behavior and oxygen saturation in pulmonary TB patients at RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Purbalingga. A total sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pulse oximetry and a questionnaire. Analysis involved both univariate and bivariate methods, specifically the Spearman rank test. The results showed that the respondents' average age was 41–42 years. The majority were male (12 respondents, 85.7%). Most respondents fell into the moderate smoking behavior category (7 respondents, 50%). The mean oxygen saturation was 93.79%, with a range of 90% (lowest) to 96% (highest). The Spearman rank test yielded a p-value of 0.009 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between smoking behavior and oxygen saturation in pulmonary TB patients at RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Purbalingga.